A cewar rahoton Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Hauza, domin tunawa da ranar shahadar Imami na huɗu a cikin jerin limaman shiriya, Imam Ali Bin Hussain (A.S) an zakulo wasu daga cikin halaye da dabi'un wannan Imami daga littattafan tarihi.
Imam Ali bn Husain (A.S.), wanda aka fi sani da Zainul Abidin da Sajjad, shi ne Imami na huɗu a wajen mabiya Ahlul Baiti. A cewar mafi mashahurin ra'ayi, an haife shi ne a shekara ta 38 bayan Hijira.
A zamaninsa, gwamnatin Banu Umayya ta karkatar da ƙa'idodin addini tare da lalata koyarwar Musulunci. A irin wannan mawuyacin yanayi ne Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ya yi amfani da makamin addu'a wajen dawo da zukatan mutane zuwa ga Allah da kuma raya ruhin addini a cikin al'umma.
Ya kasance mutum mai ibada, tsoron Allah, tawali'u da karamci, wanda kowa yake girmamawa kuma yake ƙaunar halayensa. Lokacin da yake yin alwala, launin fuskarsa kan sauya saboda tsoron Allah, kuma idan ya shiga sallah ba ya kula da wani abu na duniya. Ya shahara wajen taimakon matalauta da bayar da sadaka a ɓoye. A lokacin tafiya kuwa yana ɓoye asalinsa, kuma sau biyu yana raba dukiyarsa gida biyu saboda Allah.
Haihuwarsa da Rayuwarsa
Mafi yawan masana tarihi sun ce an haifi Imam Sajjad (A.S.) a shekara ta 38 bayan Hijira, ko da yake wasu sun ambaci shekarun 35, 36 ko ma 30 bayan Hijira.
Idan aka karɓi ra'ayin shekara ta 38, hakan na nuna cewa Imam ya rayu tare da kakansa Imam Ali (A.S.), sannan ya shaida zamanin Imam Hasan (A.S.) da Husain (A.S.), tare da ganin zaluncin Mu'awiya a kan mabiya Ahlul Baiti.
Wasu ruwayoyi sun yi ƙoƙarin nuna cewa yana ƙarami sosai a ranar Karbala, saboda an ce wasu sun hana kashe shi saboda ƙuruciyarsa. Sai dai manyan masana tarihi sun ƙi wannan ra'ayi, suna tabbatar da cewa yana da kusan shekaru 23 lokacin da aka yi yaƙin Karbala.
Hujjojin da suka kawo sun haɗa da:
Mafi yawan malaman tarihi sun tabbatar da shekarar haihuwarsa ta 38 H.
Imam Muhammad al-Bakir (A.S.) yana da kusan shekaru huɗu a Karbala, wanda ya dace da wannan lissafi.
Jawaban Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ga Ibn Ziyad da Yazid da kuma hudubarsa a Sham suna nuna cikakkiyar balaga da ilimi, ba irin na ƙaramin yaro ba.
Shahadarsa
An samu sabani game da shekarar shahadarsa. Wasu sun ce shekara ta 92 H, wasu 94 H, wasu kuma 95 H.
Mafi yawan ruwayoyi sun ce an sanya masa guba ne bisa umarnin Walid bn Abdul Malik, kuma ya yi shahada a watan Muharram.
Mahaifiyarsa
Malamai sun yi sabani kan asalin mahaifiyar Imam Sajjad (A.S.).
Wasu ruwayoyi sun ce ita ce ɗiyar Yazdajird III, sarkin ƙarshe na Daular Sasanawa ta Farisa, yayin da wasu suka ce bai tabbata ba cewa ita 'yarsa ce kai tsaye.
Duk da wannan sabani, tsoffin littattafan Shi'a da dama sun kawo wannan labari, kuma an riwaito cewa Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ana kiransa:
ابن الخيرتين، فخيرته من العرب قريش، ومن العجم الفارس
"Wanda ya fito daga mafi alherin zuriyoyi biyu; mafi alherin Larabawa su ne Quraysh, mafi alherin Ajamawa kuma Farisawa."
Matsayinsa a matsayin Imami
Ruwayoyi masu yawa daga Ahlul Baiti sun tabbatar cewa Imam Husain (A.S.) ya naɗa Imam Sajjad (A.S.) a matsayin magajinsa. Littattafai irin su Al-Kafi da Ithbat al-Hudat sun kawo waɗannan nassoshi.
Ko da yake wasu kaɗan sun yi zaton Muhammad bn Hanafiyya ne Imam bayan Karbala, daga baya al'ummar Shi'a baki ɗaya sun amince da Imamancin Imam Sajjad (A.S.).
Matsayinsa na Ilimi
Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan malamai da muhaddisai na zamaninsa.
Muhammad bn Sa'ad ya ce:
كان علي بن الحسين ثقة مأموناً كثير الحديث عالياً رفيعاً ورعاً
"Ali bn Husain mutum ne amintacce, abin dogaro, mai yawan riwayar hadisi, mai daraja kuma mai tsoron Allah."
Imam Shafi'i ya ce:
وجدت علي بن الحسين وهو أفقه أهل المدينة
"Na sami Ali bn Husain shi ne mafi sanin fikihu a cikin mutanen Madina."
Shahararren malami Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri ma yana cewa:
ما رأيت أحداً أفقه من علي بن الحسين
"Ban taɓa ganin wanda ya fi Ali bn Husain ilimin fikihu ba."
Haka kuma ya kan yi kuka idan aka ambaci Imam, yana cewa:
هو زين العابدين
"Wannan shi ne Zainul Abidin."
Ibadarsa
Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ya kasance abin koyi wajen ibada. Idan yana alwala, launin fuskarsa kan canza. Idan aka tambaye shi dalili sai ya ce:
أتدرون بين يدي من أريد أن أقوم؟
"Shin kun san a gaban Wanene zan tsaya?"
Idan ya shiga sallah kuma sai jikinsa ya fara rawa saboda girman Allah, yana cewa:
إني أريد الوقوف بين يدي ملك عظيم
"Ina son tsayawa ne a gaban Sarki Mai Girma."
An ruwaito cewa wani lokaci ɗansa ya karya hannu yayin da Imam yake sallah. Aka kira likita aka gyara hannun yaron yana kuka mai tsanani, amma Imam bai ji komai ba har sai da ya gama sallah.
Har ila yau an ce wata rana maciji ya ratsa tsakanin ƙafafunsa yayin da yake sallah, amma bai motsa ba.
Saboda yawan sujjadarsa ne aka yi masa laƙabi da ذو الثفنات (Dhu al-Thafanat), wato mai alamomin sujada a goshinsa.
Karamci da Taimakon Mabukata
Bayan shahadarsa ne mutane suka gano cewa gidaje ɗari suna rayuwa ne da sadakar da yake kai musu cikin dare ba tare da sun san shi ba.
Imam Muhammad al-Bakir (A.S.) ya ce mahaifinsa yana ɗaukar gurasa a bayansa cikin dare yana kai wa talakawa yana cewa:
صدقة السر تطفئ غضب الرب
"Sadakar da ake yi a ɓoye tana kashe fushin Allah."
Sau biyu kuma yana raba dukiyarsa gida biyu saboda Allah.
Lokacin da Muhammad bn Usama yake gab da rasuwa yana kuka saboda bashin dirhami dubu goma sha biyar, Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ya ce: "Kada ka damu da bashinka, ni zan biya."
Tawali'unsa
Lokacin tafiya tare da mutane, Imam Sajjad (A.S.) yana ɓoye asalinsa. Da aka tambaye shi dalili sai ya ce:
أكره أن آخذ برسول الله ما لا أعطي مثله
"Ba na son in sami wata fa'ida saboda dangantakata da Manzon Allah (S.A.W.A) wadda ba zan iya ba wa sauran mutane makamancinta ba."
Haka kuma idan yana kan abin hawa a cikin titunan Madina, ba ya cewa mutane su ba shi hanya, yana cewa hanya ta kowa ce, ba ni da ikon kore wasu domin ni in wuce.
Kammalawa
Rayuwar Imam Sajjad (A.S.) ta kasance abin koyi na ibada, ilimi, haƙuri, tawali'u da hidima ga al'umma. A lokacin da zaluncin Banu Umayya ya karkatar da addini, ya kare Musulunci ta hanyar addu'o'i, tarbiyya da koyarwa. Saboda haka ne malamai daga mazhabobi daban-daban suka haɗu wajen yabonsa da amincewa da falalarsa da matsayinsa na ilimi da ɗabi'a.
Ra'ayinka